The human heart is a muscular organ that performs the function of ensuring continuous blood flow through the cardiac cycle. Because it performs this essential function, it is one of the most important organs in the human body.
The human heart has a mass of between 250 and 350 grams, and it is usually about the size of a fist. It is enclosed in a protective sac called the pericardium. The pericardium has a fluid which nourishes the heart itself, and also protects the heart from any jolts and shocks that the body may experience.
The outer wall of the human heart is composed of three layers. The outermost layer is called the epicardium, and it is the inner wall of the pericardium. The middle layer is called the myocardium, and it is made of up muscular tissue that is capable of contracting. The innermost layer is called the endocardium, and it is is contact with the blood that the heart circulates around the body.
The human heart consists of four chambers:
Right atrium: The upper part of the heart that receives oxygen-depleted blood from the body. It is supplied by the superior vena cava. It pumps this blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
Right ventricle: The lower part of the heart that gets oxygen-depleted blood from the right atrium. It then pumps this blood through the pulmonary valve into the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
Left atrium: The upper part of the heart that gets oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins. It pumps it through the bicuspid or mitral valve into the left ventricle.
Left ventricle: The lower part of the heart that gets oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium. It pumps this blood through the aortic valve to the entire body through the aorta, including to the heart itself.
Obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol can increase the risk of developing heart disease. However, half the number of heart attacks occur in people with normal cholesterol levels. Heart disease is a major cause of death.
It is generally accepted that factors such as exercise, diet, and overall well-being, including both emotional and physiological components, affect heart health in humans.
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