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Thursday, 29 October 2015

What causes Hyperventilation?

What Is Hyperventilation?

Hyperventilation is a condition in which you suddenly start to breathe very quickly. Healthy breathing occurs with a healthy balance between breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide. You upset this balance when you hyperventilate by exhaling more than you inhale. This causes a rapid reduction in carbon dioxide in the body.


Low carbon dioxide levels eventually lead to narrowing of the blood vessels that supply blood to the brain. This reduction in blood supply to the brain leads to symptoms like lightheadedness and tingling in the fingers. Severe hyperventilation can lead to loss of consciousness.

For some people, hyperventilation is rare, and only occurs as an occasional, panicked response to fear, stress, or a phobia. For others, this condition occurs regularly as a typical response to emotional states, such as depression, anxiety, or anger. When hyperventilation is a frequent occurrence, it’s known as hyperventilation syndrome.


Hyperventilation is also known as: 
  • rapid (or fast) deep breathing 
  • over breathing 
  • respiratory rate (or breathing) — rapid and deep

Common Causes of Hyperventilation

There are many factors that can lead to hyperventilation. This condition most commonly results from anxiety, panic, nervousness, or stress. It often takes the form of a panic attack.

Other causes include: 
  • bleeding 
  • the use of stimulants 
  • drug overdose (aspirin overdose, for example) 
  • severe pain 
  • pregnancy 
  • an infection in the lungs 
  • lung diseases, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 
  • heart conditions, such as a heart attack 
  • diabetic ketoacidosis (a complication of high blood sugar in people with type 1 diabetes) Hyperventilation can also occur because of problems caused by asthma or emphysema or after a head injury. Some women experience problems with hyperventilation during pregnancy. Hyperventilation can occur in some people when traveling to elevations over 6,000 feet as well.


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Can Smoking Cigarettes Cause Impotence?

Erectile dysfunction (ED), also called impotence, can be caused by a wide range of physical and psychological factors. Among them is cigarette smoking. It’s not surprising since smoking can damage your blood vessels, and ED is often a result of poor arterial blood supply to the penis. Fortunately, if you quit smoking, your vascular health is likely to improve, as well as your sexual health and performance.


Smoking and Your Blood Vessels

You’ve probably heard a lot about the health risks of smoking. That’s because cigarette smoking can damage just about every part of your body. The chemicals in cigarette smoke injure the lining of your blood vessels and affect the way they function. Those chemicals can also harm your heart, brain, kidneys, and various other tissues throughout the body.

The risk of smoking to your erectile health is specifically due to the effects of cigarette chemicals on the blood vessels in the penis. An erection results when the arteries in the penis expand and fill with blood after receiving signals from nerves in the penis. The nerves are responding to sexual arousal signals from the brain. Even if the nervous system is operating at full strength, an erection might not be physically possible if the blood vessels are unhealthy due to smoking.



What Does the Research Show?

While ED tends to be more common as men get older, it can develop at any adult age. A 2005 study in the American Journal of Epidemiology suggests that ED is not only more likely among men who smoked compared to those who never did, but that in younger men with ED, cigarette smoking is very likely the cause of their impotence.

If you are a heavy smoker, research suggests the odds of developing ED are much higher. However, quitting smoking can improve ED symptoms. Be aware that your age, the severity of your ED prior to quitting smoking, and other major health problems may reduce the degree to which healthy erectile function can return. 



Getting Help

While ED can be an awkward subject to discuss with your partner or a healthcare provider, the sooner you deal with the issue, the sooner you’ll find a solution. If you don’t have a primary care doctor, but you want to discuss ED with a physician, make an appointment with a urologist or men’s health specialist. ED is a very common health problem, so you shouldn’t feel self-conscious. You may, however, be advised that one of the things you should do soon is quit smoking.


If you’ve tried to quit smoking and been unsuccessful, never assume that quitting is beyond your reach. You should get help and take a new approach this time. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute recommends the following steps to help you quit smoking: 
  • Make a list of the reasons you want to quit and why your earlier attempts to quit were unsuccessful. 
  • Pay attention to your smoking triggers, such as drinking alcohol or coffee. 
  • Get support from family and friends. It’s okay to admit that you need assistance in overcoming a powerful addiction like smoking. 
  • Talk with your doctor about prescription and over-the-counter medications designed to help smokers kick the habit. If a particular medication seems like a good and safe choice, follow the medication’s instructions precisely. 
  • Find new alternatives to smoking and activities that can distract you from cigarette cravings, such as exercise or hobbies to occupy your hands and your mind. 
  • Be prepared for cravings and setbacks. Just because you slip up one day and have a cigarette doesn’t mean you can’t get back on track and be ultimately successful.

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Wednesday, 28 October 2015

What causes Dizziness?

Dizziness is the feeling of being lightheaded, woozy, or unbalanced. It affects the sensory organs, specifically eyes and ears. It can cause fainting. Dizziness is not a disease but a symptom of other disorders.


Vertigo and disequilibrium may cause a feeling of dizziness, but those two terms describe different symptoms. Vertigo is characterized by a feeling of spinning. Disequilibrium is a loss of balance or equilibrium. True dizziness is the feeling of light-headedness or nearly fainting.

Dizziness is very common. The underlying cause of dizziness is usually not serious. Occasional dizziness is nothing to worry about.

Seek medical attention if you have recurring bouts of dizziness with no apparent cause. Also seek immediate help if you experience sudden dizziness along with a head injury, a headache, neck ache, blurred vision, hearing loss, a loss of motor ability, a loss of consciousness, or chest pain. These could indicate serious issues.


What Causes Dizziness?

Common causes of dizziness include inner-ear disorders, medications, and alcohol.

Dizziness is often a result of vertigo. It can also be caused by a problem in the inner ear, where balance is regulated. The most common cause of vertigo and vertigo-related dizziness is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). This causes short-term dizziness when a person changes positions quickly—for instance, when sitting up in bed.

Dizziness and vertigo can also be caused by Meniere’s disease (which causes fluid buildup in the ear), migraine, or acoustic neuroma, a benign growth on the nerve connecting the inner ear to the brain. Very rarely, vertigo could be caused by a stroke, brain hemorrhage, multiple sclerosis, or another neurological disorder.


Other causes of dizziness include: 
  • sudden drop in blood pressure, as may occur upon standing suddenly 
  • heart muscle disease 
  • decrease in blood volume 
  • neurological conditions 
  • side effect from medications 
  • anxiety disorders 
  • anemia (low iron) 
  • hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) 
  • ear infection 
  • dehydration 
  • heat stroke 
  • excessive exercise 
  • motion sickness 

What Are the Symptoms of Dizziness?

Symptoms of dizziness include: 
  • lightheadedness 
  • vertigo (spinning motion) 
  • unsteadiness 
  • loss of balance 
  • sensation of floating or swimming 
  • heavy-headedness 
  • spaciness 


Sometimes dizziness is accompanied by clamminess, nausea, vomiting, paleness, or losing consciousness.

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What Is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the inside of the uterus — called the endometrium — grows outside of the uterus.


The most common places for endometriosis to occur are the ovaries, Fallopian tubes, bowel, and outside walls of the uterus. Some women with endometriosis experience no symptoms, while others experience pelvic pain or difficulty getting pregnant.

There's no cure for endometriosis, but several treatment options may help reduce pain or increase your chances of getting pregnant.


Endometriosis Prevalence

It's difficult to know for sure how many women have endometriosis, because some women have no symptoms.

Endometriosis is most common in women in their thirties and forties, but can happen in any woman who menstruates or has a period.

Causes and Risk Factors for Endometriosis

The exact causes of endometriosis aren't known. Experts believe the condition is probably due to a combination of factors.

Some of these factors may include:

Genetics: Endometriosis runs in families. Your risk of endometriosis is about six times higher if your mother or sister had endometriosis.

Hormones: The hormone estrogen seems to promote endometriosis.

Menstrual period problems: Some women experience "retrograde menstrual flow," or backward period flow, in which some of the tissue shed during a period flows backward through the Fallopian tubes and into the pelvis.

Environmental exposure: Certain industrial chemicals and pesticides have been shown to mimic hormones. Exposure to these compounds before birth has been linked to a higher risk of endometriosis later in life.

Other factors that may increase your risk of endometriosis include: 
  • Starting your menstrual period at an early age (before 11) 
  • Short monthly menstrual cycles (less than 27 days) 
  • Heavy menstrual periods that last more than seven days 
  • Nulliparity (no bearing of children) 

Endometriosis and Pregnancy

  • Endometriosis can cause problems getting pregnant.
  • Almost 40 percent of women with infertility issues have endometriosis, according to ACOG.
  • Inflammation from endometriosis can damage the eggs and interfere with the movement of eggs and sperm.
  • In some women, scar tissue from endometriosis can block the Fallopian tubes (the tubes connecting the ovaries and the uterus).
Nonetheless, it’s still possible to get pregnant with endometriosis. Hormone treatments or surgery to remove some of the endometriosis tissue may help.



Other Endometriosis Complications

Some women with endometriosis experience severe pelvic pain that can interfere with everyday activities.

Several treatments are available to help reduce pain in women with endometriosis.

A number of other health conditions seem more common in women with endometriosis, but researchers are not quite sure how (or whether) these health problems are linked to endometriosis.

These conditions include:
  • Allergies and asthma 
  • Autoimmune diseases (in which the body's immune system attacks itself), including multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus, and some forms of hypothyroidism 
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia 
  • Certain cancers, including ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (a type of blood cancer) 

Sources 

  1. Levy, B. S. (2015). "Patient Information: Endometriosis (Beyond The Basics)." UpToDate. 
  2. Endometriosis FAQ; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 
  3. What is endometriosis? Office on Women's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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Thursday, 22 October 2015

6 Question about Water Consumption


You can go without food for days, weeks and even months, but going without water for just one day can negatively impact your health.

The importance of  water in our daily life

We all lose water throughout the day—when we sweating, urinating, bowel movements even when we are breathing. If you live in a hot climate for example Malaysia, you lose even more. We need to replace this lost fluid to stay healthy. Water keeps every part of our body to work properly. It helps our body to flush wastes and to stay at the right temperature. It even helps to prevent kidney stones and constipation.

Replenish water after exercises
If you don't get enough water, you could become dehydrated. The more liquid in the body that is lost, the thicker the blood becomes and the harder the heart muscle must work to pump the blood through the circulatory system. When a person loses their abilities to reason and think straight because of dehydration it means they will die very soon, unless they drink water to rehydrate. Depending on the circumstances, mainly environment, a person can die within 24 to 28 hours after having no water if they are labouring under the hot dry sun with no water. This is very dangerous and can be fatal.

How much water do we need to drink every day?

A common recommendation is to drink at least 8 glasses of water every day. But some adults may need more or less, depending on how healthy they are, how much they exercise, and how hot and dry the climate is. For chronic kidney disease patient or having water retention problem please consult your doctor first.
Your choice of water?
You may sometimes need to drink more water than usual if you:
  • Exercise intensely, especially in a hot climate.
  • Are sick, such as with the flu, or have a health problem like a urinary tract infection.
  • Are pregnant or breast-feeding.
When you are sick, you need more water

Drink only water to stay hydrated?

All liquids except alcohols help you stay hydrated. Water is usually the best choice, because it's free and with no added sugar or calories. But most healthy people can get enough fluid through the beverages they consume every day. These can include water, fruit juices, coffee, sodas, iced tea, and other drinks.

Experts say that it's not true that beverages that have caffeine—such as coffee, tea, and cola drinks—always dehydrate you. Healthy people who consume moderate amounts of caffeine don't lose more fluid than people who don't have any caffeine. A moderate amount of caffeine is about 200 to 300 milligrams a day. That's about two to four 8-ounce cups of coffee.
Good choice especially when serving cold
You also get water through food consumption. Some fruits and vegetables contain a lot of water, such as watermelon and lettuce.


How can you tell if you are drinking enough water?

The easiest way to know if you're drinking enough water is by looking at the colour of your urine. If you're drinking enough water, the colour of your urine should be clear or pale yellow. A darker yellow means you aren't drinking enough water.
Look at the colour of your urine
People who drink enough water also usually have soft bowel movements. Hard bowel movements or constipation can be signs that you aren't getting enough water.

If you have any health problems, always talk to your doctor before increasing the amount of water you drink. You may need to limit your fluids if you have certain health concerns, such as kidney problems or heart failure.


Having Too Much of Water?

It can be dangerous to drink too much water. But it's rare that anyone drinks too much water. The risk is highest for people who do endurance sports, such as running marathons.

Too much water is dangerous because it would dilute the amount of sodium in your body. This imbalance could cause serious problems, such as confusion, seizures, and coma.

Experts advise athletes who do intense activity to drink a sports drink that contains sodium, other electrolytes, and some sugar. Most people don't need sports drinks if they are exercising for less than an hour in moderate temperatures. Plain water is fine.

Good choice of drink after exercise
But experts do recommend sports drinks if you're playing sports or doing other intense physical activity for more than an hour.

What are some easy ways to get more water during the day?

  • Drink a glass of water when you get up in the morning, before you have coffee or tea.
  • Keep a cup or water bottle by your desk at work. Take several sips of water each hour. If you don't have a desk job, carry a container of water with you, and take sips throughout the day.
  • Take a sip whenever you pass a drinking fountain.
  • If you get tired of drinking plain water, add a packet of sugarless flavouring to your water. Or put a slice of lemon or lime in plain or sparkling water.
Replenish your body fluid

Is bottled water better than tap water?

No. A lot of plain bottled water is just tap water that has been purified. It's your choice how you want to drink water. If you like bubbly mineral water, drink that. If you like the idea of vitamins and electrolytes in your water, you can find several varieties of enhanced water at the store. If you don't like the taste of your tap water, or if you just want to be extra careful, you can purify tap water at home. Water filters are available in many stores.


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Sunday, 18 October 2015

Foods That Will Make You Stinks

You're sitting on a train that’s slightly warm, packed with passengers, and suddenly you get a whiff of "rotten egg" stench. 



Stop after stop, the crowd thins out, but that onerous odor remains. You search for the offender as subtly as you can, so you can find a seat in the opposite direction. As your head swivels, you’re hit with that stench again, so strong you could swear it was you. 

You nonchalantly dip your head down toward your underarm — wait a minute. It is you. But you didn't even work out today. And you took a shower this morning. And you’re wearing deodorant.

What you eat can directly affect how you smell, and in more ways than just your breath. Scientifically, this boils down to the way your body metabolizes the stinky sulfur compounds found in many foods like garlic, cumin, and asparagus. While smelling like garlic is not new (it is said to ward off both vampires and mosquitos), the stench of asparagus-tainted urine might not be quite as familiar and you may not have even realized that some of the foods on our list could have this effect on you.


Smell Bad

If you have a hot date, an interview, or plan to be out in public, you may want to keep these foods off the day’s menu. And if you can't, here are a few tricks to help deodorize nasty smells.


Red Meat

In 2006, researchers from the Czech Republic collected perspiration samples from meat-eating and vegetarian men. They then asked a group of women to identify the foulest odor, based on numerous factors. Overwhelmingly, the vegetarians’ body odor was found to be much more appealing than the meat-eaters’.


Deodorize: A simple way to remove potential stench is to cut out red meat all together. If a vegetarian's life is not for you, try cutting out some meat and replace it with seafood or veggie dinners.


Curry/Cumin

The taste of Tikka chicken may not be worth the lingering stench that comes with it. The aromas of spices such as curry and cumin can make a home for themselves in your pores, and stew for days at a time.


Deodorize: Even a brief brush with cumin can cause a lasting odor. Instead try cardamom, an aromatic seed of a plant from the ginger family, which permeates the body quickly and leaves a fresh aroma.


Garlic

Garlic stink oozes from your skin because allicin, within another sulfur compound called allin, is released when garlic is cut or crushed. Allicin breaks down quickly after consumption and converts to other substances, which cause bacteria to mix with sweat and results in a strong odor. 

However, it is said that if you are at dinner and both you and your date consume garlic, you’ll be less likely to notice it. (It’s up to you to take that risk.)


Deodorize: If your underarms become some serious stinkers, apply white or cider vinegar to keep you odor-free throughout the day.


Asparagus

The ripe smell of asparagus crops up in a seemingly harmless way, but tell that to the guy sharing five bathroom stalls with five other men. Asparagus makes urine stink when the sulfur compound mercaptan breaks down in the digestive system. If you're wondering why your urine doesn't smell after eating asparagus, it’s because your body doesn’t possess the enzyme to break mercaptan down.
Deodorize: If you’re afraid offending in a public restroom, try finding a tasty asparagus alternative. Bell peppers can easily be roasted or grilled much like asparagus without the after effects.


Cruciferous Vegetables (Broccoli, Cabbage, Brussels Sprouts)

Little kids across America now have a reason to snub some of these loathsome vegetables. These sulfur-rich foods pack nutrients and antioxidants that may help rid the body of toxins and carcinogenic cells, but they’re also responsible for severe smells. This stench introduces itself in the socially-crippling form of flatulence. The sulfur in these foods is responsible for the rotten-egg smell toots tend to leave behind.
Deodorize: Cruciferous vegetables are vital to our health. So, when you're in the comfort of your own home, eat those greens! You can also par-boil to remove some of the stench before you finish cooking them. In the meantime, spices like coriander, turmeric, and caraway will not only leave you smelling fresh, they’ll help control your bottom.


Onions

Onions have a daring flavor that we can't get enough of, but those around us may wish we would cut back. After onions are digested, their pungent oils absorb into the bloodstream, seep into your lungs, and come through your breath. The more onions you eat, the longer you subject yourself to their offensive odor. Until the onions leave your body, the stink won’t stop.
Deodorize: Instead of eating them raw, try sautéeing them to let the offensive oils out. Squeeze any excess oil out with a paper towel, and enjoy a significantly weaker smell.

Durian Fruit

When you get a whiff of durian fruit, it’s no shock that this leaves a stench in its path. A delicacy in Southeast Asia, durian fruit is a fleshy (yes, as in fleshy like your skin) fruit encompassed in a hard, spiky shell. Its skin causes breath to smell unfathomably revolting. The fruit is rich in carbohydrates, protein, fat, and sulfurous compounds, all of which combine to cause the horrid stink. As Anthony Bourdain said, "Your breath will smell as if you'd been French-kissing your dead grandmother."

King of Fruits

Coffee

This beloved morning pick-me-up will hardly make a hot date want to pick you up. Caffeine stimulates your central nervous system, invariably causing your sweat glands to activate. Coffee also is highly acidic, which instantly dries your mouth out. When saliva is lacking, bacteria grows and feeds off the sulfur compounds that create bad breath.
Deodorize: Skip the coffee in the morning and go for some decaffeinated herbal tea. Not only is it a healthier choice, but it actively keeps bad breath at bay!

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What are the Health Benefits of Vitamin D?

Vitamin D, also known as the sunshine vitamin, can be produced in the body with mild sun exposure or consumed in food or supplements. Adequate vitamin D intake is important for the regulation of calcium and phosphorus absorption, maintenance of healthy bones and teeth, and is suggested to supply a protective effect against multiple diseases and conditions such as cancer, type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis.



In spite of the name, vitamin D is not actually considered a vitamin. Because the body can produce its own vitamin D, it is not necessarily an essential part of the diet and is considered a pro-hormone.

It is estimated that sensible sun exposure on bare skin for 5-10 minutes 2-3 times per week allows the body the ability to produce sufficient vitamin D. Despite this, recent studies have suggested that up to 50% of adults and children worldwide are vitamin D deficient.

This MNT Knowledge Center feature is part of a collection of articles on the health benefits of popular vitamins and minerals. It provides an in-depth look at recommended intake of vitamin D, its possible health benefits, foods high in vitamin D and any potential health risks of consuming vitamin D.




Recommended intake
Vitamin D intake can be measured in two ways: in micrograms (mcg) and International Units (IU). One microgram of vitamin D is equal to 40 IU of vitamin D.

The sunshine vitamin - vitamin D - can be produced in the body with sun exposure or consumed in food or supplements. 
0-50 years: 5 micrograms or 200 IU per day
51-70 years: 10 micrograms of 400 IU per day
71+: 600 IU per day. 
Although the body has the ability to make vitamin D, there are many reasons deficiency occurs. Darker skin pigments and sunscreen use can significantly decrease the body's ability to absorb the UVB rays required to produce vitamin D.
A sunscreen with SPF 30 can reduce the body's ability to synthesize the vitamin by 95%. The skin also has to be directly exposed to the sunlight, not covered by clothing, in order to start vitamin D production. Even the angle at which sunrays hit the earth can affect absorption.

Possible health benefits of consuming vitamin D

Maintain a Healthy Bones
Vitamin D plays a substantial role in the regulation of calcium and maintenance of phosphorus levels in the blood, two factors that are extremely important for maintaining healthy bones. Vitamin D deficiency in children can cause rickets, a disease characterized by a severely bow-legged appearance triggered by impaired mineralization and softening of the bones.
Rickets
In adults, vitamin D deficiency manifests as osteomalacia or osteoporosis. Osteomalacia results in poor bone density, muscular weakness and often causes small pseudo fractures of the spine, femur and humerus. Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease among post-menopausal women and older men.

Reduced Risk of Flu
Children given 1,200 IU of vitamin D per day for 4 months during the winter reduced their risk of influenza A infection by over 40%.2
Reduced Risk of Diabetes
Boost your immunity
Several observational studies have shown an inverse relationship between blood concentrations of vitamin D in the body and risk of type 2 diabetes. In type 2 diabetics, insufficient vitamin D levels may have an adverse effect on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance.3 In one particular study, infants who received 2,000 IU/day of vitamin D had an 88% lower risk of developing type 1 diabetes by the age of 32.

Healthy Infants
Children with normal blood pressure who were given 2,000 IU/day had significantly lower arterial wall stiffness after 16 weeks compared with children who were given only 400 IU/day.
Keep your children Healthy
Healthy Pregnancy
Pregnant women who are deficient in vitamin D seem to be at greater risk of developing preeclampsia and needing a cesarean section. Poor vitamin D status is also associated with gestational diabetes mellitus and bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women. It is also important to note that vitamin D levels that were too high during pregnancy were associated with an increase in food allergy of the child during the first two years of life.

Cancer Prevention
Vitamin D is extremely important for regulating cell growth and for cell-to-cell communication. Some studies have suggested that calcitriol (the hormonally active form of vitamin D) can reduce cancer progression by slowing the growth and development of new blood vessels in cancerous tissue, increasing cancer cell death and by reducing cell proliferation and metastases. Vitamin D has an influence on more than 200 human genes, which can be impaired when D status is suboptimal.3

Vitamin D deficiency has also been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, multiple sclerosis, autism, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma severity and swine flu, however more reliable studies are needed before these associations can be proven.

Foods sources of vitamin D
The richest sources of vitamin D are fish oil and fatty fish - with 1 tablespoon of cod liver oil containing 1,360IU.
Sunlight, your natural source of Vitamin D
Sunlight is the most common and efficient source of vitamin D. The richest food sources of vitamin D are fish oil and fatty fish. 
  • Cod liver oil, 1 tablespoon: 1,360 IU 
  • Herring, fresh, raw, 4 ounces: 1,056 IU 
  • Swordfish, cooked, 4 ounces: 941 IU 
  • Raw maitake mushrooms, 1 cup: 786 IU 
  • Salmon, sockeye, cooked, 4 ounces: 596 IU 
  • Sardines, canned, 4 ounces: 336 IU 
  • Fortified skim milk, 1 cup: 120 IU 
  • Tuna, canned in water, drained, 3 ounces: 68 IU 
  • Egg, chicken, whole large: 44 IU.
Source of Vitamin D

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